Ratio Analysis of Kathmandu Limited-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Think about between Kathmandu Limited and OrotonGroup. Answer: Presentation Kathmandu Limited is a New Zealand based organization associated with planning, promoting and selling of dress and gear for movement and experience. The organization has a system of about 161(Finance.Yahoo, Yahoo Finance) stores which remembers 47 for New Zealand and 114 in Australia. Our rival, OrotonGroup Limited is an organization situated in Australia. It is in the matter of calfskin products, style attire and adornments which it structures, creates, markets and furthermore retails. The organization has 63 Oroton stores (Finance.Yahoo) The organization additionally works another brand called GAP under which it sells style attire. There are 7 GAP stores. The organization has its essence in Australia, New Zealand and Asia. Budgetary Analysis A budgetary investigation of the over two organizations was led and the money related execution of Kathmandu Limited has been contrasted with OrotonGroup. Proportions under all classifications including gainfulness, liquidity, dissolvability and action have been determined and contrasted with decide the general monetary exhibition of both the organizations. Kathmandu Limited Oroton Limited Year 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 Benefit Ratio Net revenue 10.7% 5.0% 7.9% 6.6% 2% 2.5% Action Ratio Resource turnover 1.00 0.98 1.01 2.03 1.88 2.04 Liquidity Ratio Current proportion 2.64 2.90 1.79 2.09 2.86 3.02 Fast proportion 0.25 0.42 0.2 0.75 0.95 0.72 Money change cycle 176.6 days 169.1 days 113.2 days 118.8 days 185.9 days 159.4 days Capital Structure Ratio Obligation proportion 0.15 0.16 0.11 0.00 0.10 0.00 Net Profit Margin It is the benefit which is left in the wake of deducting all business related costs from deals. This benefit is accessible to investors. The net overall revenue has diminished from 2014 to 2016. This is a direct result of colossal expenses brought about in stock leeway in 2015 (Limited, 2015) This prompted lower edge deals and furthermore expanded working costs additionally declined the benefits. Be that as it may, the edge has improved in 2016 with an expansion in deals because of item originality and better limited time action. Additionally the working costs diminished prompting a solid outcome. Kathmandu Limited has far superior edge when contrasted with OrotonGroup in all the three years. The benefits of Oroton have diminished essentially in 2015 attributable to expanded buying costs because of powerless Australian dollar and furthermore opening of lower edges GAP stores (OrotonGroup, OrotonGroup Annual Report 2015, 2015) disregarding frail Australian dollar, Kathmandu Ltd has higher edges. Resource Turnover The proportion quantifies the effectiveness with which the organization is using its advantages for produce deals. The proportion has stayed pretty much steady in all the years for Kathmandu Limited. The proportion is almost 1 which implies the organization is creating 1 dollar income for each dollar put resources into resources. Oroton has better resource turnover proportion of around 2 in all the three years. This implies it is using its benefits in a progressively effective manner to create deals. The proficiency can be supposed to be twice than that of Kathmandu. Current Ratio It is the capacity of the organization to pay for its transient commitments from its present resources. It is a liquidity proportion of the organization. The current proportion was higher than 2 out of 2014 and 2015; anyway it has fallen underneath 2 of every 2016 for Kathmandu. This is a direct result of a diminishing in current resources attributable to a lessening in stock. The organization has actualized an interest arranging programming because of which the degrees of stock have decreased. The current proportion of Kathmandu is lower when contrasted with Oroton and the proportion has expanded throughout the years for Oroton. Oroton has less liabilities as there is no transient getting and furthermore the stock levels have diminished in 2016. Snappy Ratio Snappy proportion is the capacity of the organization to pay for its present liabilities from its speedy resources which can be changed over into money inside 90 days. Kathmandu restricted has low speedy proportion and the proportion has arrived at its most reduced in 2016 as liabilities have expanded more than resources. This is on the grounds that stock contains the vast majority of the current resources. The snappy resources are extremely low when contrasted with current liabilities and consequently render the organization low on liquidity. Oroton has a superior fast proportion all through which shows its more grounded liquidity position. Obligation Ratio The proportion gauges the level of companys resources that have been financed by obligation. The obligation proportion of Kathmandu has diminished over the three years. The obligation levels of the organization decreased in 2016. The vast majority of the companys resources are financed through value. Be that as it may, the obligation proportion of Kathmandu is higher when contrasted with Oroton. Oroton has not obligation at all in 2014 and 2016. All benefits are financed through value. In spite of the fact that this makes the organization stable yet thus the organization isn't utilized. Money Conversion Cycle It is the time taken to change over buy into deals and is included days stock exceptional, days deals remarkable and days payables extraordinary. The money change pattern of Kathmandu has diminished over the period. This is a result of reduction in stock levels attributable to the interest arranging programming. Likewise the days payables have expanded prompting a lower money cycle. The organization has low deals extraordinary which implies it recuperates its obligations rapidly. In contrast with Kathmandu, Oroton has a more extended money transformation cycle essentially in light of higher days deals extraordinary. Likewise the days payables remarkable have diminished. Proposals In view of the above proportions, we see that Kathmandu has higher gainfulness. As far as liquidity and capital structure, Oroton has better dissolvability both present moment and long haul. Likewise Oroton has better resource use limits. Be that as it may, Kathmandu has a superior working capital administration as it has a lower money change cycle and its usage of the interest arranging programming will additionally improve the working capital. It is suggested that a potential financial specialist ought to go for Kathmandu Limited due to more readily net revenues and furthermore it is normal that the organization will improve its liquidity with low stock. The obligation proportion of Oroton looks better however no obligation denies the organization of tax breaks identified with intrigue. Along these lines, Kathmandu is energetically suggested. Book reference Finance.Yahoo. (n.d.). Recovered August 24, 2017, from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ORL.AX/profile/ Finance.Yahoo. (n.d.). Hurray Finance. Recovered August 22, 2017, from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/KMD.NZ/profile?p=KMD.NZ Kathmandu. (2016). Kathmandu 2016 Annual Report. New Zealand. Restricted, K. (2015). Kathmandu Annual Report 2015. New Zealand: Kathmandu Limited. OrotonGroup. (2015). OrotonGroup Annual Report 2015. Australia. OrotonGroup. (2016). OrotonGroup Annual Report 2016. Australia

Child Development Essay -- Psychology Locke Rousseau Essays Papers

Youngster Development John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau were the establishing fathers of the brain science of youngsters. Locke was a preservationist, while Rousseau was a naturalist. They had restricting perspectives. The two of them had confidence in various things when it came to creating psyches of youngsters. Â Â Â Â Â John Locke was a naturalist. He accepted a kid's psyche grows to a great extent on the earth understanding with his/her experience of the world, and through learning. He delivers the idea of clean slate, or clear record; this clear record is a kid's psyche that in the end tops off with learning and experience. As indicated by Locke, there are four things of condition that shape a kid's psyche. The first is affiliations. This is the place one idea is typically connected with another ? for instance, when a kid is put in a den he may begin crying, in light of the fact that being in the den would be imply that he was unable to be with his mom. The subsequent one is reiteration. These are routine practices that we do again and again - to where, on the off chance that we don't do it, things will appear to be strange. The third is impersonation. Kids regularly prefer to emulate others, such as rehashing a similar expression their guardian may have as of late said. Or then aga in, for instance, if kid A beginnings playing with a forceful kid B, kid A might wind up getting progressively forceful also. This is through impact and displaying. The fourth is prizes and discipline. For instance, a kid may long to get passing marks becaus...

Learning Activaties Essay

When working with kids particularly kids who you support in class you will be allowed the chance to enter your own thoughts into the instructors arranging, as you have your own specialized topics or on the off chance that you are a coordinated you will have your own insight into the youngster you work with. At the point when you work with kids with unique needs they will require more structure in the exercises that they do each day and you will know about their qualities and shortcomings. The kid that I work with in school has a scope of challenges from social correspondence troubles to a discourse and language issue. Regular is diverse in light of the fact that he is so exchangeable, one day he will sit and work with me and the following he won't need anything to do with me, once in a while this makes it hard as the majority of the work we do is organized around work given by different experts who come into school to help him (discourse and language, training clinician, correspondence and collaboration group and learning support). Since I work with him consistently I can perceive what works with him and what doesn’t and pretty much every day I need to offer input to her so we can both arrangement the exercises for him for the following day. Here are a couple of instances of when I have offered useful recommendations in supporting arranged learning exercises:- I was sat with the educator one morning before the kids came into school since that is the point at which we do our anticipating the kid I backing or we adjust whatever he must be bolstered with in class. I saw that the instructor had arranged an expressions and specialty exercise that included the utilization of tissue paper, the youngster that I support doesn't care for the touch or feel of tissue paper (I had done a movement with him the other week which had brought about him declining to whatever else with the tissue paper has he didn't care for the vibe he got so resentful and I needed to put the tissue paper away). I referenced this to the educator since I needed my youngster to be engaged with the exercise yet I didn't what them to disturb the remainder of the class. So we concluded that we would change the materials we were utilizing for the youngster that I support as well as for the entire class with the goal that he could feel remembered for the entire exercise. Another model was the point at which I was working with a gathering of youngsters doing a numeracy exercise. The exercise was tied in with gathering numbers together to the closest ten, I had a gathering of six kids one of which as exceptional needs first the educator disclosed to them in class what they were required to and revealed to them how to do it, I at that point took the six youngsters outside of the class and upheld them with the exercise. The youngsters found the undertaking extremely troublesome and couldn't get a handle on adjusting numbers to the closest ten. At the point when I took them over into the study hall I conversed with the educator and clarified that a large portion of them found the undertaking hard and recommended that we adjust the errand by letting them utilize a number line to assist then with perceiving how to adjust the numbers to the closest ten. She concurred that I was correct and said that it was a smart thought for tomorrow’s numeracy exerc ise. By doing this I gave useful recommendations to the instructor and upheld arranged learning exercises.

People Should Also Do Things That They Do Not Like - 550 Words

People Should Also Do Things That They Do Not Like (Essay Sample) Content: PEOPLE SHOULD ALSO DO THINGS THAT THEY DO NOT LIKEBy (Students Name)Course NameProfessors NameUniversity NameCity, StateDatePeople should also do Things that they do not like.Success is arguably one of the most sought after thing by most sane and futuristic human beings (Walker, Stiller and Golly, 1998, 4).However; success is not handed over to someone on a silver platter. The attainment and maintenance of success require sacrifices that entail the unprecedented indulgence in things that are not likable or palatable to most people. Dillon, Lee and Matheson (2005, 29), argues that only a small percentage of successful individuals get to be successful by doing what they like or enjoy most. The majority, on the other hand, have to have a complete overhaul of their attitudes and mindsets to solicit for enough courage to engage in ventures that have in turn propelled them to great success. Before the change of attitude, such ventures would have been wildly considered as u nlikable by this majority group.The comfort that comes from doing things that are only enjoyable to an individual not only predisposes one to laxity and laziness but also increase the likelihood of stagnating in one particular position(Tharkude and Bhave, 2015,4).The habit of engaging in activities that are challenging and somewhat unlikable by most people tends to build character and perseverance in an individual. It is only through challenges that people get to push themselves to even greater heights and test their limits. The self-baptism by fire as a consequence of overcoming challenges ends up having an enormous transformational effect on an individual as a whole. According to Lamine, Mian and Fayolle (2014,527) those things that most people perceive as unlikable and therefore challenging, are the very same things that end up equipping one with the necessary experience and courage to face and overcome even greater challenges in future.In conclusion, the argument that there is no such thing as likable and unlikable things is true. The only thing that determines the likeability of something is the attitude of an individual toward the same thing. It is the fear of failure that contributes to the development of negative attitudes towards various venture and consequently the development of the I do not like this perception in people. Individuals should embrace and appreciate failure as great opportunity to draw significant lessons. It is important alw...

Childhood Milestones - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1615 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Topics: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The area of psychology that the article, 9 Childhood Milestones and the Right Time to Reach Them by Nancy Rones deals with is the growing stages of a young child. As learned throughout Psychology 1010, there are many different steps that a child must fulfill to be able to fully develop. As learned in Psychology 1010, Jean Piaget, was a brilliant psychologist that developed four main stages of intellectual/cognitive development. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Childhood Milestones" essay for you Create order In his third stage, the concrete operational stage, he describes this stage to be for 7 to 12 year olds. In this stage Piaget states this is the time for the development of organized and rational thinking to occur. Also in this stage, children begin to think logically and operationally. If the stage is fulfilled correctly, children can apply logic to physical objects, numbers, and understand the volume of objects, but not an overall meaning. Therefore, children have the ability to solve problems in a logical manner, but they cannot think abstractly or in hypothetical situations. There are many exciting, important, and interesting aspects about the 9 Childhood Milestones and the Right Time to Reach Them article that lead to the publication in the popular press. It is interesting because it looks at many factors that a child displays growing up. For example, it explains how children nowadays should be more comfortable with a phone at a much younger age than they used to be. The article states that a child should be able to talk on the phone when they are finally able carry a solid conversation. This age (as the article notes) is from about age 5 to age 6. In my eyes that seems fairly young for a child to be using technology. Although, the article was published for parents to be notified that knowing how to talk on a phone is very important in the modern world. Which makes sense, because in the modern world technology is so heavily used, so everyone needs to know how to generally use it. If a child is stuck at school and they do not know their parents phone number or how to use a phone, they could be left in a scary and uncomfortable situation. In the Parents magazine article, Sally Tannen, the director of the 92nd Street Y Goldman Center for Youth and Family, in New York City, states Kids need to learn phone etiquette and to feel comfortable talking to grown-ups (Rones, 2018). Therefore, by learning how to talk on the phone, also teaches young children how to properly speak to older individuals which is important for their full development. The science of Psychology has to say that the topic of children and technology is highly important for a childs development as a child. In the childhood study titled, Children, wired â€Å" for better and for worse by Daphne Bavelier, Shawn Green, and Matthew W. G. Dye, they looked at children and how their use of technology affected their everyday life. The study looked at many viewpoints, although, it seems to note technology overall as something that needs to be regulated more intensely than it is now. The Parents magazine article seems to promote children and technology much more than this study does. In the study it explains how technology use affects someones mood and long-term changes in their overall behavior. The study explains how The Mozart Effect is linked to a temporary increase in arousal, mood, and even IQ scores after a Mozart piece is played. Leading to them finding that that any temporary effect of technology is not very influential to a childs long term development. As stated in the article, Yet, as the Mozart Effect illustrates, any temporary effect of technology use, albeit important, is unlikely to be specific to technology per se (Bavelier et al., 2010). Therefore, some minor, non excessive use of technology to benefit a childs learning would not be the worst. There are numerous types of media for children to watch with all different content that can lead to various behavioral effects. There are childhood television shows that help improve vocabulary and expressive language skill. In this case, technology is used to further positively develop a childs cognitive abilities. Also, mindless technological activities like video games have shown to improve many basic attentional, motor, and visual skills. Overall, technology for a childs growing and learning abilities has many more positive outcomes than many realize as shown in the parents article and the childhood study. The study looked at the longitudinal variety of a group of children that they followed for several months. They looked at how their aggressive behavior changed when they watched a television show that was more on the violent side. When looking at violent television, it was difficult for them to pinpoint if it was the violent show, or other environmental factors that the child lived with. For example, if the child watched more violent television because they lived in lower income homes that would result in the child having lower cognitive abilities. This could have been due to the violent technology or the low education the child received. Therefore, in this case it is hard to tell if technology is bad for children, or if other factors other than technology overrule the technology factor for a childs development. There was another study done with 800 infants that showed the higher the daily television watching the lower their language skills were. Although when the study looked at all the other factors that the infants were apart of, no one could verify that technology was the reason for their lower language abilities. Based on the Children, wired â€Å" for better and for worse by Daphne Bavelier, Shawn Green, and Matthew W. G. Dye study, I feel that the conclusions/premise of the article was mostly valid. I believe that the 9 Childhood Milestones and the Right Time to Reach Them by Nancy Rones article was mostly valid because it showed how the use of technology in children is important for them to understand the modern world. It also talked about how going to a sleepover teaches kids to grow up, just like being able to use technology and talk on the telephone. When a child asks to go out of the hose for the night, it shows that they are ready to grow up. There should be some limitations to make sure they are ready to go away for the night, but it helps them grow up to better conform to the modern world. The article also explains how giving children an allowance helps the child learn the fundamentals of how money works and how it is used in the everyday world. It teaches children to understand the basics of money, which should be learned around the age of 6 or 7 according to Janet Bodnar, who is the author of Raising Money Smart Kids. It also teaches them the importance and value of money, and to not take it for granted. It teaches children how to learn how to make small decisions dealing with money that they can use later on in life. For example, it teaches them to save or spend your money based on the circumstances. When using technology it helps children see what reality is like at such a young age. Some may say that is not a positive thing. Some may think that children need to stay innocent and live their fun life until they have to be responsible for themselves. Although, I believe that the younger the better for a child to learn about reality and how the real world is really like the better. The use of technology (ability to use a phone, watching television, and/or playing video games), going on a sleepover, and getting an allowance all teach children how to be responsible and take care of themselves. Especially nowadays, you never know when a child will be left alone in an unfortunate situation, so for them to have knowledge on everyday tasks is nothing but beneficial. Furthermore, I believe that the Parents magazine article helps bring positive ideas to parents minds. It is great that a magazine like Parents put an article like this in because many parents read and trust this magazine. With one of the nine milestones being technology related, I feel that technology is growing in childrens lives everyday, and it is important that they are kept up on the modern era. Technology benefits so many older individuals, so there is no reason it should not benefit the younger individuals as well. I do believe that technology should have its limits, such as not bringing cell phones to school. Although, while at home the parent/guardian has the ability to supervise their children, so the child can explore the real modern world that they are living in. Also, children can access online videos, and educational tools with technology to further enhance their learning abilities. Overall, having some entertainment on an electronic device is not the worst aspect that a child could be participating in. Overall, both the Parents article and the study done by Bavelier, et al show that all children grow up eventually and when to start implementing the modern world into their childs life is ultimately the parents decision. In my opinion I believe that to further enhance a childs cognitive and emotional learning abilities, the use of technology should be positively promoted in their life. Works Cited Bavelier, Green, and Dye. Children, Wired â€Å" for Better and for Worse. National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine: National Institutes of Health , 9 Sept. 2010, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170902/. Rones, Nancy. 9 Childhood Milestones and the Right Time to Reach Them. Parents, Parents, 2018, www.parents.com/parenting/better-parenting/advice/the-right-time-for-each-milestone/.

Essay on Main Characters in Homers The Iliad, Achilles...

Two of the main characters in Homeramp;#8217;s The Iliad, Achilles and Hector, compare very differently in many ways. Although they were both war heroes, they came from different sides of the battle and fought each other under different beliefs. These two brave warriors fought to the death in Book 22, where Hector eventually lost to Achilles. Even though Hector lost the fight, the war still raged on, even less merciful than before. These two warriors were similar in a few ways, but mostly very different. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;These two warriors were similar in some ways. The most obvious were that they were both fighting in the same war and that they were both male warriors. They were also very renowned fighters for their†¦show more content†¦Hector was not fighting back to amp;#8220;authorize; the death, but only to defend his and his peopleamp;#8217;s honor. Like this difference, Achilles and Hector also differed in the fact that Achilles was a lot more brutal and cruel than Hector. Achilles had a strong mindset, and could not be amp;#8220;won over.; He has no forgiveness for even Hector told him with his this last dying breath: amp;#8220;I see you now for what you are...iron...your heart is.; Hector differed from this because he did not seem quite as brutal or violent as Achilles, but he was not a sweet, innocent man, either. Hector was also a brutal killer, for he killed Patroclus. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The two warrioramp;#8217;s strengths and weaknesses differ greatly as well. Achilles weaknesses consisted of friendship that blinded him, extreme brutality, and no forgiveness. Although he won the fight, his attitude eventually brought an end to him. If it were not for his strong friendship that he tried to avenge, he would not have came back to the war and ended up dying prematurely. Hectoramp;#8217;s weaknesses consisted mainly of his mortality, his bravery and his not-so-quick thinking. If he were not so brave, and was smarter, he would not have come out to fight in the first place. He could have stayed behind the palace walls and spared his own life. Achilles had the primary strength of being almost immortal, which basically helped him win theShow MoreRelatedTroy vs. the Iliad Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesOver the thousands of years that the epic story the Iliad has survived, there has no doubt been some form of alteration to Homers original. Last May , Wolfgang Petersen directed a movie based on the Iliad. This movie, Troy, has proven to be a very loose adaptation of Homers original, as are almost all stories that are made into movies, unfortunately. With its timeless storyline, amazing scenery, gorgeous actors/actresses and most of all, its reported two hundred million dollar budget, it is easyRead More Troy vs. The Iliad Essays1385 Words   |  6 PagesTroy vs. The Iliad Over the thousands of years that the epic story the Iliad has survived, there has no doubt been some form of alteration to Homer’s original. Last May, Wolfgang Petersen directed a movie based on the Iliad. This movie, Troy, has proven to be a very loose adaptation of Homer’s original, as are almost all stories that are made into movies, unfortunately. With its timeless storyline, amazing scenery, gorgeous actors/actresses and most of all, its reported two hundred millionRead MoreEssay on A Review of the Movie Troy808 Words   |  4 Pagesoffice hit. Troy, based on the Iliad, has proven to be a very loose adaptation of Homers classic and one cannot help noticing the major differences between the book and the movie. 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This theme is woven through The Iliad showing the foundation of dignified heroes and self-glorification. Introduction: I. Honor and glory A. Heroic actions B. God-like glory II. Social Status A. Greek Society B. Recognition and influences III. Mortality and immortality A. Glory afterRead MoreThe Iliad Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesHomer’s epic The Iliad, is a great tale of war and glory. It takes place during the last year of the ten year Greek-Trojan war. The Greeks have been fighting with the Trojans for quite some time, and just when peace seemed like a possibility, the youngest prince of Troy, Paris, acts out selfishly and steals the beautiful wife of Menelaus, Helen. This instigates the fighting again. Throughout The Iliad, Homer tells of two heroes, both similar, but also very different in their character; the great

Health Care Strategy in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Health Care Strategy in Australia. Answer: Introduction Nursing homes in Australia report various problems associated to medication, which impact the outcome of the elders. The factors that expose elders to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and Polypharmacy. Most of the ADRs occur because nursing assistant staff in aged care centers lacks sufficient knowledge on medications. Lack of adequate information on drugs leads to overdose, omission or giving out wrong medicines. In this paper, a health care strategy will be developed to educate nursing staff on medication. The specific strategy is the Safe and Effective Use of Medicine (SEUM) and will consist of 5Rs. Nursing assistants will be informed about the right drug, right patient, right time, right route and right dose. Besides, the nursing assistants will be trained on the side effects of drugs. When the nursing assistants are educated about medicines, they will adhere to better prescription practices, which will improve the health of elders in nursing h omes. Overview of Safe and effective use of medicine (SEUM) There is a need to minimize Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in the nursing homes around Australia. Safe and effective use of medicines (SEUM) will solve the challenges associated with inappropriate use of medicines. This strategy will first identify knowledge gaps in the prescription drugs among nursing assistants in nursing homes. The nurses will then be educated on the best practices for giving out medication to prevent adverse outcomes based on the 5Rs. The primary aim of the strategy is to improve the health of the elders in aged care facilities. In the long-term, this strategy will gain traction and success in improving the quality of life (QOF) for seniors in nursing homes. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in nursing homes Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a major problem in nursing homes. Empirical evidence suggests that there are high-risk medications in aged care facilities. Based on the studies done since2002, about 2 to 3 percent of Australian hospital admissions are drug-related. Hospital reports indicate that incidents connected to medications are the second most common kind of incidents after falls. The most prevalent medication errors are overdose and omission. Studies indicate that most of these medicine errors occur due to patient factors (Roughead Semple, 2009). Another study conducted between 2003 in Australia showed that ADRs account for the most common ADEs. They further found that majority of the ADEs were severe and required hospitalization (Nair, Chalmers, Peterson, Bereznicki, Castelino, Bereznicki, 2016). These studies insinuate that older adults in aged care facilities have higher chances of experiencing ADRs. The most common causes of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are amplified drug impacts, side-effects, drug-disease interaction, drug-drug interaction and drug-nutrient. Multiple comorbidities are common in adults, which require them to take several drugs. One study involving 412 patients aged over 72 years found that there was an increase in the number prescribed and non-prescribed medications. The mean medications per patient were above three drugs. The study further found that only 11.4 percent of these patients received a clear explanation of the prescribed drugs. Even most of these patients did not have a clear knowledge of the side effects of the medications (Chan, Wong, So, Kung, Wong, 2013). Interaction of these drugs can cause adverse reactions. Lack of a proper diet may also cause adverse impacts for elders. Anaphylactic shock is caused by the administration of sensitive drugs. Penicillin is the leading cause of anaphylaxis. Respiratory depression is caused by barbiturates or analgesics when administered with an alcoholic compound. Hypotension might be caused by calcium channel blockers or oxidase inhibitors (Galbraith, Bullock, Manias, 2007). There are several risk factors for Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). The primary risk factors are advanced age, comorbidity, and polypharmacy. Inappropriate medication has also been cited as a leading risk factor for ADRs (Nair, Chalmers, Peterson, Bereznicki, Castelino, Bereznicki, 2016). Many other factors play a major role in the development of ADRs. Most of these elements are client related, socially related and medicine related. Age, for example, has an important effect on the occurrence of ADRs. Elders have higher chances of experiencing ADRs than other age groups. Alcohol consumption also has a fundamental effect on the occurrence of ADRs (Alomar, 2014).These factors increase the risk of ADRs mainly in adults. Non-compliance with treatment is also another factor that occurs in elders. Social, economic, and patient-centered factors result in medication non-compliance (Jin, Sklar, Oh, Li, 2008). Biological impacts of aging including altered cognition and special senses lead to medicine non-compliance. Social circumstances also result in medicine non-compliance. Some of the social factors include living alone, insufficient social support, and illiteracy level impacts medication adherence. Perceptions about medications play a critical role in medication noncompliance. Some elders might perceive medicines as less helpful or completely unhelpful. In this case, ADRs might arise due to non-compliance with treatments. Details of the strategy The proposed strategy will have two primary elements. First, the health literacy of the nursing assistants in aged care facilities will be evaluated. This part is motivated by the fact that some nurses lack sufficient knowledge on giving out medication which results in medication errors. Nursing assistants who have inadequate knowledge on prescription drugs might be the primary cause of medication errors in nursing homes. A health literacy test will be performed before enrolling nursing assistants into the training system. Second, the nursing assistants in the nursing homes will be educated on medications. This health strategy has been developed based on the fact that medication education is required to improve the use of medicines in nursing homes. The medication education will consist of 5R including the right patient, right drug, the right route, the right dose and the right time. Additionally, the nursing assistants will be educated on the side effects of various drugs that are administered in aged care facilities. Right patient Nursing assistant staff should be informed on giving out medicine to the right patient. Due to a high number of elders in nursing homes or confusion, the nursing assistants might give medicine to a wrong patient. Right drug Elders tend to experience multiple illnesses which result in polypharmacy. Polypharmacy refers to the prescription of numerous drugs for one patient, and it is linked to ADRs. Studies have identified that doctors fail to inform patients, which results in the lack of sufficient education (Rambhade, Chakarborty, Shrivastava, Patil, Rambhade, 2012). When the nursing assistants are educated on the right medicine, the risk of giving out the wrong medicine will be reduced significantly. Right dose Nursing assistants in nursing homes should know the right dose of a specific drug. One study involving 44, 344 incidences found that 60.9% of the medicine errors occurred due to improper dosage (Zakharov, Tomas, Pelclova, 2012). Nursing assistants of nursing homes will be educated on the accurate dosage of the medicines that have been prescribed. Right route The route of administration is very important in reducing medical errors. Medication administration errors happen often and have higher chances of leading to adverse harm and death (Westbrook, Rob, Woods, Parry, 2011). The nursing assistant staff should have sufficient knowledge of how the drug will be administered. Oral and intravenous are the most common routes of administration. Nursing assistants will be informed of the right administration route of the prescribed medicines. Right time Nursing assistants practicing in aged care facilities should know the right time to give out medication. The nurses should give out drugs at different times depending on the condition of the patient. As such, nursing assistants at aged care facilities will be educated on the right time to give out drugs. Education on side effects Nursing assistant staff can play an important role in reducing the occurrence and impact of the medical errors in nursing homes. One study found that patients lack information on the side effects as well as warnings on drugs (Singh, Singh, Kumar, Bhandari, Kaur, Dureja, 2013). Nursing assistants will be educated on proper medication practices to prevent adverse side effects. Impact of the strategy The safe and effective use of medicine (SEUM) will have several impacts on the well being of the elders in aged care facilities. The main effect of this strategy will be improving the health of the elders in nursing homes. Specifically, the nursing assistants will be in a position to make informed decisions when giving out medications. When nursing assistants are educated on medicines, they will be in a position to influence the elders treatment plans. The nursing assistants will decide which drug they should give out at a specific time and in the right dose. It is evident that informed nursing assistant staff has prevented numerous medication errors and medical professionals should encourage patient involvement in medication safety. Cohen further notes that care facilities have an obligation of making patients aware of errors as well as the steps that have been put in place to prevent medication errors (Cohen, 2007). Another impact will be preventing the hospitalization of the elder s in aged care facilities. As discussed in a previous paragraph, medication errors are a leading cause of hospitalization. This occurrence will be prevented through proper education. Patients can notice observable issues that occur due to medication errors (Britten, 2009). The last effect will be preventing and lowering mortality. Adherence to medication will be improved, which will, in turn, prevent adverse outcomes such as death. Goals The safe and effective use of medicine (SEUM) will offer nursing assistants with the skill and education required to promote healthy behaviors in nursing homes. The goal of the strategy is to help the elders to live with their conditions. In the long term, the strategy will have an objective of preventing future health complication, reducing the reliance on health care services and lowering general costs to the health care system. The intention of the strategy to the health care providers will be enhancing the awareness of the need for nursing assistant staff education. Conclusion This scholarly paper has developed a healthy strategy known as the safe and effective use of medicine (SEUM). Nursing assistants in aged care facilities require comprehensive knowledge of the medicines to prevent Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and improve the elders outcomes. The proposed strategy will be based on the 5Rs, the right medicine, the right route, the right dose, the right time and right patient. The health care strategy will also comprise of education on side effects of drugs. As discussed in this paper, the strategy will comprise of two main elements which are the evaluation of health literacy level and actual education. Nursing assistants in nursing homes will be educated on medication based on their literacy level. This strategy will improve the health of the elders in the short-term and lower mortality level in the long-term. References Alomar, M. J. (2014). Factors affecting the development of adverse drug reactions (Review article). Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal , 22 (2), 83-94. Britten, N. (2009). Medication errors: the role of the patient. British journal of clinical pharmacology , 67 (6), 645-650. Chan, F. W., Wong, F. Y., So, W. Y., Kung, K., Wong, C. K. (2013). How much do elders with chronic conditions know about their medications? 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